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Glossary of Oriental Rugs / Carpets
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Bakshaish – A type of rug or carpet produced in North Iran, not far from the Caucasus, prized for their bold, geometric, dynamic, and abstract design. They may utilize medallion or allover designs descended from classical Persian carpets, but always translated into a much more abstract and expressive idiom reminiscent of Caucasian village rugs like Kazaks. |
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Baluch – A nomadic, rug-producing tribe of mixed Iranian and Turkic origin ranging between Eastern Iran and western Afghanistan. Baluch weavings are often considered derivative of the rugs of the neighboring Turkomans, but they made use of a much wider design repertoire and more varied palette, which relates them to various types of Persian and Turkish rugs as well. |
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Beshir – A sub-group of antique Ersari Turkoman weavings distinguished by their more urban designs, which show either the influence of Persian Mina Khani floral patterns or patterns based on Central Asian Ikat textiles. |
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Bessarabian – A type of rug in pile or tapestry technique produced during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries under late Ottoman Turkish rule in an area corresponding to modern Bulgaria and Rumania, whose style combines elements of European and Oriental design. Patterns are floral, in a naturalistic western, but Bessarabian flatweaves, reflect the tradition of Turkish kilims from nearby Anatolia, although in a distinctive palette. |
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Bezalel – A type of carpet produced in the earlier twentieth century as part of a new art school for Jewish immigrants in what was then British-ruled Palestine. The Bezalel rug workshop drew upon a wide range of Oriental rug designs, while often exploring folk art traditions from the west as well, but always adhering to a high artistic and technical standard. |
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Bibikabad – A rug-producing town in the Hamadan region of Iran. Bibikabad carpets are related to Malayers in technique. They tend to come in allover designs, usually the Herati pattern or Boteh (Paisley), which may at times have a medallion as well. Even the borders on Bibikabads are based on the Boteh motif. |
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Bijar – A town in Northwest Iran known for producing some of the finest Persian rugs by virtue of their design and technique. They cannot be identified readily by their patterns, but primarily by their weave, which is perhaps the densest and most durable of all oriental rugs. Bijar carpets were produced in a classical medallion format as well as in allover designs, with drawing that can be classically precise or wildly tribal.
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Border - The frame-like areas at the outer edges of the rug that enclose the field. Their may be multiple borders, with perhaps a main one and one or more minor borders. |
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Bokara - A major caravan city in Central Asia whose name has come in the rug trade to designate carpets of various Turkoman manufacture that were largely exported through this city. There is, in reality, no such thing as a Bokara carpet.
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