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In technical terms the foundation of the rug is comprised of warps and the wefts, the vertical and horizontal yarns upon or into which the pile or facing is woven. On the loom, the warps run vertically, while the wefts run horizontally, alternating over and under each successive warp. Essentially the foundation is the substructure that supports the pile or flatwoven facing and holds the rug together. The foundation, i.e. the warps and wefts, can be made entirely of wool, cotton, or silk, or some combination of these. Some rugs have wool warps and cotton wefts; others have the reverse. Warps are generally made up of plied yarns of either wool, cotton, or silk. Wefting can be unplied or plied, and in the latter case it can combine these different materials.
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