Jewish artists do not normally come to mind when thinking of antique Oriental carpets, however that is exactly who made Bezalel rugs. These carpets were woven at the Bezalel Academy which operated from 1906 to 1929 in British-ruled Palestine. The Jewish arts-and-crafts movement inspired a wide range of unique rugs, often with religious themes.
Bezalel rugs woven in Israel often have Holy Land themes and display a blend of Jewish, Persian, Turkish and European styles. The construction and warm color pallet of Bezalel rugs resemble many Anatolian rugs of the Ottoman Dynasty.
The Bezalel Academy was established by Bulgarian Boris Schatz and Zionist pioneer Theodore Herzl with the goal of creating a distinctly Jewish art style with European and Middle Eastern influences to depict the Jewish experience. The school was named for the Biblical artist, Bezalel, who designed the Ark and the Israeli sanctuary after the Egyptian exodus of Israelites.
The school encouraged Jewish artists to draw motivation from their European customs while including influences from their Oriental motherland to create quality pieces of art. The result was a large body of work including paintings, wood and metal works, etchings and carpets with a distinctly Jewish flair.
The carpets were created by Jewish artists at the school or its workshop in Jerusalem with high technical and artistic standards. The Bezalel rug workshop employed a variety of Oriental designs and often found inspiration in western folk art traditions. The workshop was called Marvadiah from “Marvard”, the Hebrew word for carpet. These antique rugs are inscribed either Bezalel or Marvadiah.
